The US Department of Transportation maintains that information but I couldn't find a link to it. The CLIA (Cruise Lines International Association) publishes a yearly "State Of The Cruise Industry" report.
I know Port Miami was the busiest cruise port in the United State in 2023. Port Miami recorded nearly 7.3 million passengers in 2023. Port Miami's previous high was 6.8 million passengers in 2019. The next closest was Port Canaveral which recorded 6.8 million passengers in 2023, which was also a record high for that port. Port Canaveral's previous high was 4.7 million passengers in 2019.